AGP Executive Report

Cholera & insecurity in Sudan: UN agencies say violence is continuing and a widening cholera outbreak is worsening humanitarian needs, with operations suspended in some areas due to security and communications disruptions; OCHA also reports drone strikes in North Darfur hitting a civilian vehicle and a market, and displacement in North Darfur, while El Obeid in North Kordofan faces continued drone attacks near a girls’ school. Humanitarian access at the border: Sudan’s government extended the opening of the Adre border crossing with Chad until Sept. 30, aimed at keeping aid delivery moving. Climate-proofing education: UNESCO backs Sudan’s Ministry of Education as it develops the country’s first Education Sector Climate Change Strategy, focusing on climate-resilient planning, safer schools, and curriculum/teacher support. Peace talks & civilian protection: The UAE urged an urgent humanitarian truce and permanent ceasefire amid escalation around El Obeid, calling for safe corridors and rejection of attacks on civilians and civilian infrastructure. Agriculture as reconstruction: A new analysis argues agriculture is central to Sudan’s post-war stability, not just a technical sector, linking rural grievances and state legitimacy to long-term peace. Industrial recovery support: Bahrain’s Royal Humanitarian Foundation joined UNIDO talks on private-sector-led industrial recovery in Syria, Palestine and Sudan, stressing sustainable livelihoods and resilient development.

Climate-smart education in Sudan: UNESCO backed Sudan’s Ministry of Education as it develops the country’s first Education Sector Climate Change Strategy, aiming for climate-resilient planning, safer schools, and curriculum and teacher support. Humanitarian pressure in El Obeid: The UAE urged an urgent humanitarian truce and permanent ceasefire amid worsening conditions and civilian harm linked to military escalation in and around El Obeid, calling for safe corridors for civilians and unhindered aid delivery. Land, conflict, and peace lessons: A land governance discussion highlighted how unclear tenure, weak land administration, and climate stress can fuel low-level conflict in fragile border regions, with Northern Kenya used as a case study for peacebuilding. Sudan’s currency squeeze: Radio Dabanga reported the Sudanese Pound’s continued slide despite government steps like raising the customs exchange rate and restricting imports, stressing that inflation figures don’t match what people can actually afford. War and food access: A World Bank-focused piece argued the food crisis is increasingly about access and affordability, driven by conflict, climate impacts, and higher costs—an angle that matters for Sudan’s hunger risk.

Sudan War & Humanitarian Access: The UN Security Council heard that drone attacks have intensified in El Obeid and the RSF has expanded around the city, with UN officials warning the “window to avert a wider escalation… is rapidly narrowing” and calling for restraint to protect civilians and prevent new displacement. Regional Diplomacy: The UAE urged both Sudan’s warring parties to stop targeting civilians and civilian infrastructure, calling for an urgent humanitarian truce, a permanent ceasefire, and safe corridors, while backing a civilian-led political process. Climate-Resilient Education: UNESCO backed Sudan’s Ministry of Education as it begins drafting the country’s first Education Sector Climate Change Strategy, aiming for safer schools, climate-resilient planning, and a more future-ready curriculum. Food Security Pressure: A World Bank update says the world’s food problem is shifting from production to access, driven by conflict, climate impacts, and higher prices—leaving import-dependent countries and low-income households most exposed. Displacement Funding Gap: Kuwait reaffirmed support for UNHCR on World Refugee Day, noting UNHCR has secured only 29% of required funding as forced displacement nears 130 million.

El Obeid Hunger Warning: WFP says escalating fighting around El Obeid in North Kordofan could trigger a new wave of mass displacement and deepen Sudan’s hunger crisis, with drones hitting civilians and civilian infrastructure and an offensive feared; WFP is preparing to scale food and cash support from 100,000 to over 250,000 people. Humanitarian Truce Push: The UN warns the “window” to prevent wider escalation in El Obeid is rapidly narrowing as drone attacks intensify and RSF presence grows, urging restraint to avert a human rights disaster. Civilian Protection Diplomacy: The UAE has urged both Sudan’s warring parties to stop targeting civilians and civilian infrastructure, calling for an urgent humanitarian truce, safe corridors, and a permanent ceasefire, while backing a civilian-led political process. Conflict Escalation Context: UN briefings note fighting remains active across Kordofan, Darfur, and Blue/White Nile, with attacks disrupting humanitarian routes and isolating communities. Sexual Violence as a Crisis: A Global Survivors Fund chief says rape and sexual violence in Sudan should be treated as a mental health emergency, citing verified UN reporting and support needs in Chad camps hosting over 1.3 million Sudanese refugees.

War & Humanitarian Access: The UAE says it is “deeply concerned” about renewed military escalation in Sudan, including El Obeid, warning of rising civilian casualties and a worsening hunger crisis. It calls for an urgent humanitarian truce, a permanent ceasefire, safe humanitarian corridors, and protection of civilians and civilian infrastructure. UN Warning on Escalation: The UN Security Council hears that the “window to avert a wider escalation in El Obeid is rapidly narrowing,” as drone attacks and RSF movements increase, with risks of mass displacement and a wider rights disaster. Food Security Under Threat: WFP warns that fighting around El Obeid could trigger a new wave of violence and displacement, threatening already catastrophic hunger; it is trying to scale up food and cash support for up to 250,000 people if civilians flee. Sexual Violence & Mental Health: A Global Survivors Fund chief says conflict-related rape in Sudan is creating a mental health emergency, after UN reporting verified hundreds of incidents affecting hundreds of victims across most states. Urban Environment & Governance: Sudan’s Transitional Sovereignty Council orders government ministries to relocate from central Khartoum to new sites to restore order and improve security, aiming to reduce congestion and keep services running amid ongoing instability.

Humanitarian Emergency in North Kordofan: WFP warns that escalating fighting and drone attacks around El Obeid could trigger a new wave of mass displacement, with an offensive feared to force hundreds of thousands to flee; WFP says it’s moving to pre-position more food and cash for up to 250,000 people as stocks meant for the rainy season come under strain. Conflict and Civilian Harm: UN officials say the “window” to prevent wider escalation in El Obeid is rapidly narrowing as drone attacks rise and RSF presence expands, while fighting continues across Kordofan, Darfur, and Blue Nile/White Nile, disrupting humanitarian routes. Sexual Violence as a Mental Health Crisis: Global Survivors Fund says rape and sexual violence in Sudan have reached an unprecedented scale, urging the response be treated as a mental health emergency for survivors, including in Chad refugee camps. Khartoum Governance Shift: Sudan’s Transitional Sovereignty Council orders government ministries and offices to relocate out of central Khartoum to reduce congestion and improve security amid ongoing instability. Climate Risk for the Region: El Niño-linked drought risks are highlighted as a threat to agriculture and pasturelands across vulnerable regions, with knock-on effects for food security and migration.

Humanitarian Crisis in North Kordofan: WFP warns that escalating fighting around El Obeid could trigger a new wave of violence and mass displacement, with drone attacks hitting civilians and civilian infrastructure; the agency is moving to preposition food and cash for more than 250,000 people if an offensive forces people to flee, even as its stocks are strained ahead of the rainy season. Conflict-Linked Sexual Violence: A Global Survivors Fund chief says rape and sexual violence in Sudan have reached a mental health emergency level, citing UN findings of hundreds of verified incidents affecting victims across most states, and describing support efforts in Chad refugee camps focused on survivor mental health and women-led community groups. Khartoum Governance Shift: Sudan’s Transitional Sovereignty Council orders government ministries and offices to relocate from central Khartoum to new sites to reduce congestion and improve security, aiming to keep essential services running amid ongoing instability. Climate Risk Watch: New analysis flags El Niño-linked drought risks for agriculture and pasturelands, with the Sahel among the most exposed regions—an added pressure point for already conflict-hit livelihoods.

Khartoum Decongestion Plan: Sudan’s Transitional Sovereignty Council ordered government ministries to relocate out of central Khartoum to new sites, aiming to reduce congestion, restore services, and keep administration running amid ongoing SAF–RSF instability. Media Freedom Under Pressure: A new report warns that cuts to independent media are strengthening authoritarian influence worldwide, including in Sudan where reduced funding and political crises have weakened oversight. Climate Risk for Power: With El Niño likely to intensify drought, Nigeria’s hydropower-dependent electricity system faces renewed supply risks—an important regional warning for Sudan’s own water-and-energy vulnerability. El Niño Threat to Crops: FAO maps show Sahel and parts of Southern Africa at high drought risk in coming months, raising the odds of failed harvests, livestock losses, and displacement pressures that can spill into Sudan. Humanitarian Safety Concerns: UN partners reported a drone strike near a school in North Kordofan, with WHO supporting response and medical supplies pre-positioned for large-scale needs in Sheikan. Conservation Funding (Regional): GEF approved a new IUCN initiative for Senegal’s Niokolo-Koba National Park, highlighting ongoing biodiversity pressures from poaching, bushfires, invasive species, mining, and climate change.

Sudan War & Humanitarian Access: UN officials warn RSF could launch an imminent assault on El Obeid, North Kordofan, after a drone strike near a school injured students; WHO and partners have pre-positioned medical supplies for more than 25,000 people as nearly 800,000 need help in Sheikan. Sudan Displacement & Detention: Reports say Sudanese refugees in Egypt face beatings and extortion in Cairo jails amid a crackdown, with activists warning asylum protections are being eroded as deportations surge. Sudan Economy & Environment Link: A new analysis says Sudan’s economic crisis is deepening under multi-front war pressures, with gold exports and fuel imports widening trade gaps while inflation and currency collapse raise the cost of essentials. Mining & Resource Pressure: Opposition grows in eastern Sudan over claims the government may sign a 30-year copper deal with a Chinese company in Red Sea state, with local groups calling for a halt until peace and clear terms protect local interests. Climate & Water Security Region: Floods and drought dynamics tied to Türkiye’s control of the Tigris and Euphrates are again raising questions about water leverage and downstream impacts across Syria and Iraq. Conservation Beyond Borders: GEF approved $1.26m for an IUCN initiative in Senegal’s Niokolo-Koba National Park, targeting ecosystem restoration and biodiversity pressures like poaching and invasive species.

Mining & Resources: Opposition is growing in Sudan’s Red Sea state over reports of a proposed 30-year copper mining agreement with a Chinese company, with local groups warning war and unresolved peace must come first and questioning profit shares and debt repayment terms. Humanitarian Risk & Protection: UN officials warn RSF could launch an imminent assault on El Obeid in North Kordofan, after a drone strike injured students near a school; medical supplies have been pre-positioned for more than 25,000 people as nearly 800,000 need help in Sheikan. Displacement & Borders: Egypt has arrested 223 suspects in a crackdown near the Sudan border, targeting cross-border organized crime including illegal gold mining and undocumented migration. Climate & Energy (Regional): Nigeria’s electricity supply faces renewed risk as El Niño-linked drought threatens hydropower across West Africa—an indirect reminder of how climate shocks can ripple into power and livelihoods. Education Under Pressure: A UN report says conflict and climate disruptions have pushed education disruption to 258 million children worldwide, with Sudan among the worst-affected countries.

Sudan Mining & Environment: Opposition is growing in eastern Sudan over reports the government may sign a long-term copper mining deal with a Chinese company in Red Sea state, with local groups warning resources shouldn’t be committed while war and peace talks remain unresolved. They cite concerns about a 30-year agreement, a low profit share, and possible debt repayment terms. Refugees & Rights: Sudanese war refugees in Egypt describe beatings and extortion in Cairo jails, amid a crackdown that activists say is driving surging deportations. Humanitarian & Climate Education Impact: A UN report says conflict and climate shocks have disrupted education for 258 million children worldwide, with Sudan among the nine countries hosting the largest shares of affected children. Cross-border Security: Egypt says it arrested 223 suspects near the Sudan border, including people linked to illegal gold mining and weapons trafficking. Energy Costs: A new electricity affordability ranking places Sudan among the lowest-tariff markets in Africa, though subsidies and state pricing may limit utility investment.

Sudan Humanitarian Crisis: UN-linked reporting says conflict and climate shocks are disrupting education for 258 million children worldwide, with Sudan among the nine worst-hit countries and nearly 100 million out of school—raising the stakes for protection and basic services. Border Security & Mining Pressure: Egypt says it arrested 223 suspects near the Sudan border in a crackdown on weapons, drugs, illegal gold mining and undocumented migration, warning the activity threatens national security and sustainable development. Regional Spillover: A UN briefing on the Central African Republic highlights how the Sudan conflict is destabilizing the northeast, alongside local farmer-herder clashes and armed activity in the southeast—keeping security fragile. Health Tech for Outbreaks: Researchers report a new rapid lateral-flow test that can detect glycoproteins from all known orthoebolaviruses, including Ebola and Sudan virus—an advance for faster surveillance in high-risk regions. Displacement Trends: UNHCR data show global forced displacement fell for the first time in a decade, but returns and poverty remain major challenges, with Sudan among countries seeing high return rates. Climate Risk Ahead: FAO warns El Niño is likely to begin soon, with drought risk highest across the Sahel and southern Africa—conditions that can worsen food and water stress in conflict-affected areas like Sudan.

Education & Climate Shock: A new UN report says 258 million children and teens worldwide are affected by conflict and climate shocks, with nearly 100 million out of school; Sudan is listed among the nine countries with the biggest share of disrupted education. Refugees & Returns: UNHCR reports global forced displacement fell for the first time in a decade, with 5.4 million fleeing violence in 2025 and higher return rates—though the overall numbers remain “unacceptably high.” Border Environment Pressure: Egypt arrested 223 suspects in a crackdown near the Sudan border, targeting cross-border weapons, drugs, illegal gold mining and undocumented migration—an issue that can intensify land and water damage where mining expands. Sudan Conflict Diplomacy: A Sudanese official says Türkiye can help bring Sudan’s war to the international agenda and urges the RSF be recognized internationally as a terrorist group. Humanitarian Risk for Women: Qatar told the UN Human Rights Council it is deeply concerned about grave rights violations against mothers in conflict zones, naming Palestine and Sudan. Industrial Recovery Link: Qatar Chamber joined a UNIDO dialogue on Syria, Palestine and Sudan, pushing for private-sector partnerships for sustainable industrial recovery.

Sudan Conflict & Diplomacy: A senior Sudanese official says Türkiye can help put “the facts” of Sudan’s war on the international agenda, urging the RSF be recognized as a terrorist group and calling the conflict a proxy fight that threatens Sudan’s sovereignty. Border Environment & Illicit Mining: Egypt arrested 223 suspects, including 136 foreigners, in a crackdown near the Sudan border targeting weapons, drugs, undocumented migration, and illegal gold mining—seizing vehicles, devices, cash, and mining equipment. Humanitarian & Refugee Support: Qatar marked World Refugee Day by highlighting aid for displaced people, including Sudanese refugees in Egypt, and reaffirmed support for humanitarian protection and services. Climate Risk for Food Systems: Experts warn an El Niño phase is likely soon, with drought risks highest across the Sahel and parts of Southern Africa—areas already strained by conflict and food insecurity. Water, Land & Livelihoods: A study links climate stress to harder-to-stop harmful practices, noting that drought and flooding can push families toward bride-price and related abuses when livelihoods collapse.

Border Security & Mining: Egypt says it arrested 223 suspects near the Sudan border in a crackdown on cross-border crime and illegal gold mining, including 136 foreigners, seizing vehicles, weapons, cash, and mining equipment—an environmental and governance pressure point as unregulated extraction grows around Sudan’s war zones. Climate Risk for Food: UN-linked reporting warns an El Niño phase may soon intensify drought risk, with agriculture hit hardest across the Sahel and other vulnerable regions—raising stakes for Sudan’s already fragile farming and water systems. Conflict, Diplomacy & Humanitarian Access: Egypt and Sudan’s foreign ministers met in Cairo, stressing support for Sudan’s unity and calling for a humanitarian truce to enable a sustainable ceasefire and access. Sudan Conflict on the International Agenda: A Sudanese official says Türkiye can help bring facts about Sudan’s war to global attention and argues the RSF should be recognized internationally as a terrorist group. Refugees & Displacement Pressure: UNHCR figures highlight Sudan as one of the world’s biggest displacement sources, with large numbers hosted across the Middle East—keeping humanitarian needs tightly linked to environmental stress and resource strain.

Sudan–Egypt Diplomacy: Egypt’s FM Badr Abdel-Aty met Sudan’s Mohieddin Salem in Cairo, reaffirming support for Sudan’s unity and rejecting any parallel entities, while urging a humanitarian truce to enable a sustainable ceasefire and renewed political talks. Humanitarian Pressure: UNHCR marked World Refugee Day noting 24 million displaced people across the Middle East and highlighting Sudan as one of the biggest displacement sources, with Sudanese refugees among the largest groups. Refugee Aid for Sudan: Qatar said it provided over $68m in humanitarian assistance in 2025, including support for Sudanese refugees affected by the crisis, especially those sheltering in Egypt. Conflict, Food, and Climate Risks: A report warns the Arab region is highly exposed to food shocks tied to regional war dynamics, with energy and shipping disruptions raising risks for food security. Misinformation Watch (Mining): Egypt’s Petroleum and Mineral Resources ministry denied social-media claims about signing deals to develop 108 gold mines in northern Sudan, stressing only official channels announce such agreements. Environment & Land Restoration (Sahel): Coverage on the Great Green Wall highlights how underfunding and weak implementation have limited restoration, even as on-the-ground lessons show where greening can still work.